Black ruby barb care guide
Also called: Purplehead barb, Black ruby
The black ruby barb is a 2.4 in (6 cm) barb from Sri Lanka's forest streams. Mature males turn deep ruby red and black. It is peaceful but a bit shy. Keep six or more in a well-planted 20 gallon long (76 L) tank with soft to medium water.
Black ruby barbs need a tank of at least 20 gallons (76 L), a group of 6 or more, and water at 22–26°C (72–79°F) with a pH of 6–7.5. They grow to about 6 cm (2.4 in) and are peaceful.
Plan a tank with black ruby barbsSee all tank mates
Black ruby barb quick facts
| Scientific name | Pethia nigrofasciata |
|---|---|
| Family | Cyprinidae |
| Origin | Rainforest streams of southwestern Sri Lanka (aquarium fish are captive-bred) |
| Adult size | 6 cm (2.4 in) |
| Minimum tank | 20 gallons (76 L), at least 75 cm (30 in) long |
| Temperature | 22–26°C (72–79°F) |
| pH | 6–7.5 |
| Hardness (GH) | 3–12 dGH |
| Group size | 6 or more (shoaling fish) |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Swims at | Middle |
| Diet | Omnivore |
| Care level | Easy |
| Lifespan | 4–6 years |
| Safe with shrimp? | No, eats shrimp |
| Safe with plants? | Mostly (nibbles soft plants) |
Tank setup
A group of six needs at least a 20 gallon long (76 L) tank about 30 in (75 cm) long. Dense planting, floating plants and a dark substrate with some leaf litter give them shade and confidence. Keep the flow gentle to moderate.
How many black ruby barbs in a tank?
The smallest common tank that suits black ruby barbs is a 20 gallon long. Here is roughly how many fit in each size when they are the only fish, based on adult size and waste output. Leave room if you want tank mates.
| Tank | Black ruby barbs (alone) |
|---|---|
| 3 gallon | Too small |
| 5 gallon | Too small |
| 10 gallon | Too small |
| 15 gallon | Too small |
| 20 gallon | Too small |
| 20 gallon long | 6–13 |
| 29 gallon | 6–19 |
| 40 gallon | 6–26 |
| 55 gallon | 6–37 |
| 75 gallon | 6–50 |
| 125 gallon | 6–84 |
What you need for black ruby barbs
Sized for a 20 gallon long tank, the smallest common size that suits a group of 6 black ruby barbs. For a different tank or a mix of fish, use the stocking calculator for a list sized to your plan.
Tank and equipment
- 20 gallon long aquarium (tank or kit) (opens Amazon in a new tab)Bigger tanks are more stable and easier for beginners. How to choose
- Aquarium stand for 20 gallons (opens Amazon in a new tab)The water alone weighs about 167 lb (76 kg), before glass, gravel and rock. How to choose
- Adjustable heater, 50 W (opens Amazon in a new tab)Holds about 75 °F (24 °C) in a room at 65 °F (18 °C). How to choose
- Aquarium thermometer (opens Amazon in a new tab)Check it daily: heaters can fail stuck on or off. How to choose
- Hang-on-back filter rated 80–120 GPH (opens Amazon in a new tab)Community tank: 4–6 times the tank volume per hour. How to choose
- About 45 lb of aquarium gravel (opens Amazon in a new tab)Enough for a layer about 2 in (5 cm) deep. Smooth gravel suits most community fish. How to choose
- Water conditioner (dechlorinator) (opens Amazon in a new tab)Removes chlorine and chloramine from tap water. Seachem Prime is a popular, concentrated choice. How to choose
- Liquid test kit (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH) (opens Amazon in a new tab)Liquid kits are more accurate than strips. The API Freshwater Master Test Kit is the common choice. How to choose
- Gravel vacuum (siphon) (opens Amazon in a new tab)Cleans the gravel and does the water change in one go. How to choose
- LED aquarium light, about 30 in long (opens Amazon in a new tab)Match the light to the tank length. Basic LEDs grow easy plants. How to choose
Food and extras for black ruby barbs
- Tropical fish pellets (opens Amazon in a new tab)A good staple for medium community fish.
Product links go to Amazon search results. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases, at no extra cost to you. Disclosure.
Water parameters
Keep them at 22–26 °C (72–79 °F) with soft to medium water, around pH 6.0–7.5 and 3–12 dGH. They react worse to poor water and sudden changes than most barbs. Change water weekly and match the temperature and chemistry of the new water.
Best tank mates for black ruby barbs
These popular species share black ruby barbs' water needs and temperament. See the full list of 86 good matches.
Nerite snail
2.5 cm (1 in) · 22–27°C (72–81°F)
Neon tetra
3.5 cm (1.4 in) · 21–25°C (70–77°F)
Panda corydoras
4.5 cm (1.8 in) · 21–25°C (70–77°F)
Bristlenose pleco
12 cm (4.7 in) · 22–26°C (72–79°F)
Bronze corydoras
7 cm (2.8 in) · 21–26°C (70–79°F)
Zebra danio
5 cm (2 in) · 18–25°C (64–77°F)
Assassin snail
2.5 cm (1 in) · 22–27°C (72–81°F)
Ramshorn snail
2 cm (0.8 in) · 21–27°C (70–81°F)
Avoid keeping black ruby barbs with
- Cherry shrimp: Black ruby barb eats small shrimp like cherry shrimp.
- Oscar: Oscar can eat black ruby barbs: they're small enough to fit in its mouth once it's grown.
- Chinese algae eater: Chinese algae eater is aggressive and will bully or injure peaceful black ruby barbs.
- Convict cichlid: Convict cichlid is aggressive and will bully or injure peaceful black ruby barbs.
- Discus: They need different temperatures: Black ruby barb 22–26°C (72–79°F), discus 28–30°C (82–86°F).
- Electric yellow cichlid: Electric yellow cichlid is a Lake Malawi cichlid. It needs a Lake Malawi tank: hard, alkaline water (pH 7.5–8.5), plenty of rockwork and other cichlids from the same lake. Black ruby barbs don't belong in that setup.
Feeding
Wild fish graze algae and detritus and pick off small invertebrates. Feed a quality flake or micro pellet with plant content, plus algae wafers or blanched spinach now and then. Add frozen or live daphnia, brine shrimp and bloodworm a few times a week.
Behavior
Peaceful but shy, especially in small groups or bare tanks. Males chase females and spar with each other all day, which looks busy but rarely causes harm. They suit a planted community with other small, active fish such as rasboras, danios, small tetras and corydoras. Avoid slow, long-finned fish, which may get nipped.
Breeding
Mature males are slimmer and develop a dark red head and front body over black bars; females are fuller and paler gold-brown with the same bars. They scatter eggs among fine-leaved plants and give no care. Use a separate, dim, soft-water tank with marbles or java moss on the bottom and remove the parents after spawning. Eggs hatch in about 1–2 days and the fry need infusoria first.
Tips from experienced keepers
- Store fish often look drab. The ruby color appears as males mature and settle in.
- Dim light, floating plants and a dark substrate bring out the best color.
- Choose sturdy plants. They nibble fine-leaved ones.
- Do not keep them with bettas, fancy guppies or other long-finned fish.
- Buy captive-bred fish. The wild population in Sri Lanka is listed as vulnerable.
Frequently asked questions
How many black ruby barbs should be kept together?
At least six. A larger group makes them bolder, and males show better color when they have rivals and females to display to.
Are black ruby barbs fin nippers?
They are usually peaceful in a proper group, but they may nip slow, long-finned fish. Keep them with active, short-finned tank mates.
Why is my black ruby barb not colored?
Juveniles and females are plain. Males get their deep red and black color as they mature, and it is strongest in soft water, under dim light and in breeding mood.
Sources
We checked these references when writing this page. Values are for healthy long-term keeping, not survival limits. Last reviewed 2026-10-13. See our editorial policy.